![]() ![]() Projecting forward from each squama is the zygomatic process which articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone. The external auditory meatus or outer ear canal is readily apparent laterally. Also note the transverse sulcus or linear depression located at the inferior-posterior angle of the bone.Įach of these paired bones can be subdivided anatomically into a thin squamous portion which articulates with the parietal bone, a mastoid portion containing the mastoid sinuses and process, and a heavy-dense petrosal portion that contains the inner ear structure. To side the bone, hold the parietal in anatomical position and note that the arteries point superior and posterior this will aid in identification of fragmentary finds. On the interior aspect of the parietal bones, depressions are present that are the result of the mid-meningeal arteries. Bilateral parietal eminences are prominences located postero-laterally on the parietal bones they may or may not be present. Additionally, size of the foramina should be noted as enlarged foramina may suggest heredity. Parietal foramina are a non-metric trait and may be present or absent on one or both sides. The parietal foramina are present near the midline posteriorly and transmit veins to the sagittal sinus interiorly. A slight elevation may be present along the sagittal suture, but tends to be poorly developed in modern man. The temporal lines continue from the frontal bone onto the parietals, representing areas of muscle attachment. It should be noted that the lambdoidal suture has a beveled-concave surface on the parietal bones. ![]() ![]() Posteriorly the parietals articulate with the occipital bone at the lambdoidal suture and laterally at its squamous margin with the temporal bones. The bregmatic fontanelle or “anterior soft spot” exists here in infancy. The coronal and sagittal suture intersect at a point called bregma. They articulate with one another medially at the sagittal suture and anteriorly with the frontal bone at the coronal suture. The parietals are paired bones which form the roof and sides of the calvaria. The paired temporal lines ascend superiorly and posteriorly from the zygomatic processes and constitute the superioranterior margin of the temporal fossae. The median crest in the midline of the bone represents an area of muscle attachment and shows variability reflecting muscular robusticity of the individual. These prominences may vary in size and degree of development in individuals and are also a characteristic of sexual dimorphism. The frontal eminences are paired prominences in the anterolateral regions of the squamous portion of the frontal bone. The glabella is a roughened region or a bulging prominence on the frontal bone above the nasal root at about the level of the supraorbital ridges. The supraorbital notches or foramina are grooves or openings for the passage of neurovascular structures.Ī trace of the metopic or frontal suture may be noted in the midsagittal region of this bone. These bony ridges are quite well developed in the skulls of some forms of fossil man, but are less pronounced in modern man. The supraorbital or brow ridges are bony ridges just above the orbits. The frontal is a single bone which is comprised of two main parts, a squamous or flat portion which forms the forehead and articulates with the parietal bones and an orbital portion which provides a roof for the two orbits. ![]()
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